Characterization of autism spectrum disorder inside prison.

INTRODUCTION: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intolerance of change, empathy deficits, misunders- tandings, and emotional dysregulation. Core symptoms can determine criminal behaviour and subsequent interactions with the penal system. A significant presence of such symptoms is detected in forensic settings. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of autism within the prison context, summarizing and updating the knowledge in this field. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Systematic review through databases on studies that analyze the socio-demographic, clinical, and judi- cial characteristics of prisoners diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. RESULTS: Autistic traits constitute an independent risk factor for incarceration. Those inmates with autism spectrum disorder frequently present a psychiatric comorbidity, especially substance use disorder, psychotic disorders, and other neuro-develop- mental disorders. They are associated with a greater probability of self-harming thoughts and disruptive behaviours, which are not predicted by the usual evaluation tools. DISCUSSION: Prisoners with autism spectrum disorder have a differential socio-demographic, clinical, and criminal profile. A specific approach that is different from the one provided for neurotypical prisoners should be offered to these inmates. In- frastructures should be adapted to reduce fragility, make the environment more flexible and specific methods for evaluation and treatment should be developed.

Caracterización del trastorno del espectro autista dentro de prisión / Characterisation of autistic spectrum disorder within in prison

Introducción: El autismo es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por intolerancia al cambio, déficit en empatía,falsas interpretaciones y desregulación emocional. La sintomatología nuclear determina la comisión de delitos y la posteriorinteracción con el sistema penal, detectándose una presencia significativa en entornos forenses. El objetivo del trabajo esanalizar las características del autismo dentro del contexto penitenciario, resumiendo y actualizando el conocimiento endicho ámbito.Material y método: Revisión sistemática a través de bases de datos sobre aquellos estudios que analizan las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y judiciales, en reclusos con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista.Resultados: Los rasgos autistas constituyen un factor de riesgo independiente para el encarcelamiento. Aquellos internos contrastorno del espectro autista presentan con mayor frecuencia una comorbilidad psiquiátrica, especialmente trastornos por usode sustancias, trastornos psicóticos y otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Asocian mayor probabilidad de pensamientos autolesivos y conductas disruptivas, que no son prevenidas por las herramientas de evaluación de uso frecuente.Discusión: Los reclusos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan un perfil diferencial a nivel sociodemográfico,clínico y delictivo. Debe ofrecerse un abordaje específico para esos internos, diferente respecto al dispuesto para los internosneurotípicos. Hay que adaptar infraestructuras para reducir su fragilidad, flexibilizando el entorno y desarrollando métodosespecíficos para la evaluación y tratamiento. (AU)

Introduction: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intolerance of change, empathy deficits, misunderstandings, and emotional dysregulation. Core symptoms can determine criminal behaviour and subsequent interactions with thepenal system. A significant presence of such symptoms is detected in forensic settings. The objective of this study is to analyzethe characteristics of autism within the prison context, summarizing and updating the knowledge in this field.Material and method: Systematic review through databases on studies that analyze the socio-demographic, clinical, and judicial characteristics of prisoners diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.Results: Autistic traits constitute an independent risk factor for incarceration. Those inmates with autism spectrum disorderfrequently present a psychiatric comorbidity, especially substance use disorder, psychotic disorders, and other neuro-developmental disorders. They are associated with a greater probability of self-harming thoughts and disruptive behaviours, which arenot predicted by the usual evaluation tools. Discussion: Prisoners with autism spectrum disorder have a differential socio-demographic, clinical, and criminal profile. Aspecific approach that is different from the one provided for neurotypical prisoners should be offered to these inmates. Infrastructures should be adapted to reduce fragility, make the environment more flexible and specific methods for evaluationand treatment should be developed. (AU)

Orally ingestion of krokodil in Spain: report of a case. / Consumo de krokodil por vía oral en España: a propósito de un caso.

The krokodil use disorder is an addictive pathology with quite severe organic effects, especially at the skin level, that causes severe and degenerative necrosis of blood and muscle tissue. Though this disorder has a low prevalence in Spain, compared to the large number of consumers in other countries such as Ukraine or Russia, its consumption is slowly but gradually expanding in countries of the European Union and America. The simplicity of the process of obtaining the substance from desomorphine, together with its high availability and low cost, contribute toward consumers' self-sufficiency. This article presents the case of a user of krokodil and reviews the clinical symptoms of oral ingestion.

El trastorno por uso de krokodil es una de las patologías adictivas con mayores repercusiones orgánicas, principalmente a nivel cutáneo, produciendo una grave y degenerativa necrosis del tejido sanguíneo y muscular. Se trata de un trastorno con escasa prevalencia en España, frente al elevado número de consumidores en otros países como Ucrania o Rusia, si bien se está produciendo una lenta aunque gradual expansión del consumo en países de la Unión Europea y del continente americano. El sencillo proceso de obtención de la sustancia desde la desomorfina, unido a la elevada disponibilidad y bajo coste, configura el proceso de autoabastecimiento de los consumidores. En este artículo revisamos un cuadro clínico, presentando el caso de un paciente que consume krokodil por vía oral.

Consumo de krokodil por vía oral en España: a propósito de un caso / Orally ingestion of krokodil in Spain: report of a case

El trastorno por uso de krokodil es una de las patologías adictivas con mayores repercusiones orgánicas, principalmente a nivel cutáneo, produciendo una grave y degenerativa necrosis del tejido sanguíneo y muscular. Se trata de un trastorno con escasa prevalencia en España, frente al elevado número de consumidores en otros países como Ucrania o Rusia, si bien se está produciendo una lenta aunque gradual expansión del consumo en países de la Unión Europea y del continente americano. El sencillo proceso de obtención de la sustancia desde la desomorfina, unido a la elevada disponibilidad y bajo coste, configura el proceso de autoabastecimiento de los consumidores. En este artículo revisamos un cuadro clínico, presentando el caso de un paciente que consume krokodil por vía oral

The krokodil use disorder is an addictive pathology with quite severe organic effects, especially at the skin level, that causes severe and degenerative necrosis of blood and muscle tissue. Though this disorder has a low prevalence in Spain, compared to the large number of consumers in other countries such as Ukraine or Russia, its consumption is slowly but gradually expanding in countries of the European Union and America. The simplicity of the process of obtaining the substance from desomorphine, together with its high availability and low cost, contribute toward consumers’ self-sufficiency. This article presents the case of a user of krokodil and reviews the clinical symptoms of oral ingestion

Respuesta a la carta al director. Formación MIR en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Penitenciario de Fontcalent / Reply. Residency training in Fontcalent Prison Psychiatric Hospital

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